When payments for housing and communal services come, the question often arises of why such an expensive heat supply. In reality, figuring out how to calculate the heating in an apartment is not easy. To do this, you need to find out the tariffs from the management company, which are different in different regions. After that, it will become clear whether the accruals were made correctly or not.
Heat billing laws
First, you need to figure out how to calculate the payment for heating according to the standard in accordance with the current legislation. There is a legal act on heating in a later revision - No. 354 dated May 6, 2011... There, in detail, the calculations of payments for heating in high-rise buildings are regulated.
In contrast to the previous editions, the method of charging money for services received, the forms of agreements on contractual obligations and payment samples have changed. Tenants, in order to calculate the payment for heat, need to contact the UK to find out the type of arrangement of the building in which they live:
- the presence of a general house meter for consumed heat supply, it happens that it is not in residential premises;
- together with general house meters, there are meters in the apartments of the owners;
- there are no heat meters in a residential building.
After finding out these details, you can proceed to finding out how the payment for the received heating is calculated. In addition, in accordance with Bylaw 354 heating payments are divided into two types:
- For a separate apartment.
- For general household needs.
The second type includes the heating of entrances, attics, etc. In order to calculate the payment for heating, you need to find out from the HOA the footage of these areas and the tariffs for maintaining the required degree of heat in them.
Similar information must be printed on the information sent to the management companies so that the consumer pays after the fact. They should contain two points, which reflect the total amount of the payment. In practice, the rates of payments for heating services in common areas are higher than in apartments. But when the total amount is divided across the entire residential building, the amount of payment is reduced.
Since both residential and uninhabited premises are reflected in receipts for heating, it is necessary that information about them be included in the signed contract, for which you need to contact the managing organization.
Central heating billing calculation
Today there are no uniform standards according to which we pay for heating. Instead, there are only guidelines for heat supply price lists for management companies that supply it to multi-storey residential buildings. The payment for heating is subordinate to the heat meters supplied in the apartments.
In addition, the total amount is influenced by the climate conditions in the area where the owners of the real estate live, as well as how worn out the engineering communications and how the building is insulated to prevent heat losses.
With low rates of efficiency of the heating system, payments for heat supply services will be higher all year round. In accordance with the current guidelines, heating bills in accordance with the law are calculated in the ways that are given below.
Sometimes, it happens that several heat supply risers can be carried out in one living room, therefore it will be very expensive to install on all metering devices. In such cases, it is necessary that the heating is calculated according to the general house meter.
Household metering device
When in a residential building there is a general house meter for heat energy, the accounting department must calculate the heat supply using a special formula. Together with these, the payment procedure is made on several points.
First, you need to coordinate the heating of the main area and the specific living space for which the indicators are calculated. Next, you need to do the following:
- check the indicators of the house metering device at the beginning and end of the billing period. The resulting difference will show the heat consumption in the residential building. In this way, the amount for heat supply of residential or non-residential premises is correctly considered;
- calculate the ratio of the total footage of the apartment to the total footage of the building;
- find out what the tariff is made up of from the management organization.
The formula for calculating heating bills is as follows:
P = Vх (Tк / Тд) хК
where R- amount of payment, V- meter readings, TC and Td- footage of the living quarters and the building where the owner of the property lives, TO- standard for space heating.
In order to show how to calculate charges for heat supply, let's take a living space with a footage of 33 square meters, which is located in a building of 6,000 square meters. The readings for an individual metering device were 80 Gcal. Let's say the heating tariff is 1000 rubles per Gcal. In this case, the final payment must be:
P = 80x (33/6000) x1000 = 440 rubles
In addition, in the absence of energy consumption devices in specific apartments, we pay according to other standards for calculating heating in an apartment. The average standard (W) for apartments consists of indicators - 0.022-0.03 Gcal per square meter per month. In this case, the charge for heat supply is calculated according to the following formula:
P = TkxWxK
Let's say the indicator W is 0.025, then the payment is:
P = 33x0.025x6000 = 4950 rubles
Managing organizations prefer to count, naturally, according to their own form of calculation. Therefore, when drawing up contractual obligations, it is recommended to check in which cases the Criminal Code applies such methods, although it will be difficult to do this, these organizations prefer to hide such data.
Charges for heat supply with general and personal meters
In the presence of an individual meter, the task of how to calculate the amount of payment for heating is simplified. In such a situation, you only need to multiply the indicators of the individual metering device by the standard for the consumption of the heating utility by the management company.
In case of possible discrepancies in the legislative acts on payment for heat supply, one should focus on tariffs. Differences in prices among different companies that provide heat can be as high as thirty percent. And when calculating with metering devices, high rates for housing and communal services heating will not allow you to get any benefits from installing meters.
In reality, homeowners do not choose management organizations, especially in multi-storey buildings. In this regard, when checking charges for heat supply services, they use the current rates from management companies that are in.
But when recalculating for heat, the supplied heat for the entire building must also be taken into account. It is necessary to calculate the amount of heat energy provided by the suppliers. To solve the question of how the payment for heating in an apartment is calculated, the following formula is used. It will allow you to count Gcal:
V = NхSх (Tк / Тд)
where V- the share of the homeowner to pay for the house heat supply, N- consumption rates, S- the total footage that belongs to this group, TC and Td- footage of living quarters and buildings.
The N value is 0.016 gigocalories per square meter. For example, with a general house heat supply with a footage of non-residential premises of 600 square meters, the cost calculation will be as follows:
V = 0.016x600 (33/6000) = 0.05 Gcal for heating
To reduce this calculated indicator according to the current rules, a general metering device for tariff heating should be installed. With it, heating costs in an apartment building will be reduced by 15-30%.
How to reduce heating bills
Rates for rent in public utilities are growing on a quarterly basis, so the problem of how to reduce the cost of heat energy is quite topical. This issue is complicated by the nuances of the work of centralized communications in multi-storey buildings.
It should be noted that with a centralized power supply, it is not enough just to insulate the outer walls of the building, change the windows to double-glazed windows - the total amount of the payment will be the same, no recalculations are needed. Installation of individual energy supply meters will help reduce costs. But with such actions, it is possible to meet other problem situations:
- many heating pipes in one living space. Today, the price tag for the installation of metering devices varies from 18 to 25 thousand rubles, and they must be installed on each structure;
- it is difficult to obtain consent for the installation of metering devices. To do this, you need the management company to issue technical specifications, and then, according to their indications, select a suitable device;
- for regular payments for heating, metering devices must be verified according to the established schedule, for which they dismantle the device, verify, and then put it back in place. All this also costs money.
But even all these costs will lead to a reduction in the cost of payments for energy consumption by the meter. If there are several risers in the apartment, you need to install a general house metering device, but with such an installation, the cost reduction will not be so significant.
When calculating payments for heat supply using a common metering device, it is not the indicators of energy input that are calculated, but the differences between it and in the return pipeline of the central supply. This is a more transparent way of calculating the price. In addition, when choosing this method, it is possible to improve the heating system according to the following indications:
- you can adjust the energy consumption in the house depending on the weather conditions;
- allows you to achieve the best way to calculate payments. In this case, the indicators are distributed among apartments depending on their footage, and not the heat received.
In addition, only employees of the management organization can maintain and repair the metering device for the whole house. But residents legally sought to provide all the necessary reports for such a procedure as adjusting heating bills.
In addition to installing a general house meter, you need to install a new mixer that will regulate the heating temperature of the heat carrier included in the centralized system.
Payments for the provision of heat energy in different seasons
The possibility of choosing methods of payment for heating in a certain season is excluded by management companies and suppliers of heat energy. They decide this on their own, without the consent of the property owners; a payment frequency coefficient has also been introduced, when they pay for heat supply evenly throughout the year. Sometimes there are exceptions, the payment schedule is coordinated with the administration of the housing cooperative or the HOA.
When choosing a payment for heating in the summer, there are the following features:
- it is impossible to check the correctness of charges for heat energy. In the calculations, the accounting department of the management company uses very difficult and cunning methods;
- when paying for heating in the summer, the owners are loaded evenly. At the same time, the price for heating costs has the same indicators in summer and winter. This means that payments for the received heating will be equal in January and July;
- you can choose the method of seasonal payments for heat when metering devices are installed, which is why most residents of an apartment building prefer the installation of general-house heat supply meters.
When comparing price tags for the whole year or seasonally, it is striking that there will be less costs with the second method.
Gas and electric heating
At the first opportunity, most property owners want to get out of the centralized heating system so as not to pay for heating in the summer. An alternative choice is the autonomous connection of gas and electric boilers.
However, in reality, with such methods of obtaining heat energy in apartments, many problem situations arise. The main one is the consent of the management company for the installation of such units in a residential building. In cases of legal installation, the following situations occur:
- payments for gas consumption will be collected on general terms. Before calculating for the resources received, you need to supply a gas consumption meter;
- in addition to this, you will have to pay for the heat supply of the common areas in the building, the recalculation of heating in such a case is described above;
- it is forbidden to connect boiler equipment to the centralized heat supply system, having disconnected the system in advance, as this will cause the house circuit to open.
Recalculation of the heating fee in your favor is also possible when arranging electric heat supply in the apartment. When it is installed, preferential tariffs are drawn up from the companies that supply electricity. But this is only possible when there is no gas supply in the house. If it is present, then the price for electricity is charged on general terms.
It is also possible to achieve recalculation for heating when registering benefits and subsidies. But this is currently very difficult to do. Even if the entire package of documentation is provided, refusal is possible, and it will take a lot of time to confirm requests to reduce the amount of payments. At the same time, the question of whether it is necessary to pay in the non-heating season is decided by the managing organizations only in their favor.
Individual metering devices
The installation of individual metering devices in an apartment does not mean that you have to pay only for the consumed heat. Some arrange underfloor heating in their homes, which are mounted with a common heating system, while others install multi-section batteries. At the same time, they pay the heating bill on a general basis. In such situations, it is beneficial to supply an individual heat meter for energy consumption.
If there is a heat meter in the apartment, then the consumer pays only for the heat that entered this particular room. After all, the indicators are taken from the pipes that are installed at the inlet and outlet. The difference in the readings will be the amount of energy received that came to this particular room, for which you will have to pay. There is also another advantageous nuance. When water flows below the standards, heating is not calculated at all.
Unauthorized installation of metering devices in residential premises is prohibited. This work must be performed by employees of authorized licensed organizations that are permitted to do so. For installation, it is necessary to draw up a project and agree on it, which can cost much more than a metering device.
In addition, there are technical problems. In the presence of horizontal wiring, questions usually do not arise. Counters are placed on the inlet and outlet pipes. But in reality, in multi-storey buildings - vertical wiring, that is, risers are present in all rooms. In this case, it is too expensive to install a meter on each pipe.
It is possible to supply distributors for each battery for energy metering at the installation site. Then, according to the readings taken, the amount of energy is calculated for each unit of indicators. Then, multiplying this number with the readings of the distributor, the final result will be released, according to which the payment for heat is made.
Conclusion
However, the presence of distributors will not give the only correct indicator for the consumed heat, because whether it is installed even on a small battery, even on many sections, it will determine the same figures. In this case, several sections will give more heat. In addition, to calculate heat supply in this way, it is necessary: that there is a common metering device in the house, 75 percent of the owners have distributors, and thermostats were installed on the batteries.
When paying for heating with distributors, the question arises - how to check the correctness of the charge? In order not to calculate the monthly cost, the management company allows preliminary rates at which property owners pay. The administration of the Criminal Code conducts calculations in accordance with the readings of metering devices. You need to recalculate heating and adjust it twice a year. At the same time, the difference between the payments made and the actual consumption is calculated, in accordance with which the tariffs are reduced or added.
This helps to reduce the cost of heating services, but only when water is supplied to the apartment below the norm. In other cases, it is not profitable.
The management company informed us that this year they are going to install a new house heat meter in our high-rise building. In the meantime, it will be changed, we will have to pay for heating at higher rates. Explain if we can be charged an inflated amount and how they generally calculate the payment for heat?
Denis Potapov. Southwestern District.
As explained in the capital's mayor's office, if the general house heat meter works properly all year round, the heating fee is charged according to the average estimated readings of the house meter for the last year. This is necessary to distribute the amount evenly throughout the year. That is, every month we pay for heat 1/12 of the total heat recorded by the house meter for the last year. The management company divides the amount of heat that, according to the meter readings, heated the house last year, by 12 months. The resulting figure is divided by the total area of the entire house and multiplied by the total area of a particular apartment and the current tariff (see "Specifically").
At the end of the year, the management company compares the resulting figure with the actual amount of heat used and changes the amount depending on whether the house has spent more or less heat this year than last year. The adjustment of the payment is indicated in the receipt in the column "Settlement".
BY REGULATIONS OR BY FACT
If there was a break in the work of the house heat meter for at least a month (for example, the device broke down or the management company did not transfer the meter readings to the heat supplier), then tenants will pay for heating this year according to the meter data for the last year. And next year - according to the standard. The payment for heat in a residential building is influenced by the number of floors, the material of the walls, the year of construction, the work of the management company to save energy in the building. On average, the price for heating one square meter in houses where a house heat meter is installed is from 23.11 rubles. up to RUB 29.42 And in houses where they pay for heat according to the standard - more than 33 rubles, that is, the amount in receipts may be more.
WHERE TO COMPLAIN
If the tenants of the house doubt the correctness of the amount in the payment, they can contact the Moscow Housing Inspectorate with a request to check utility bills. The complaint can be sent:
The cost of heating housing is one of the most significant components of the bills that we pay for housing and communal services. It is not surprising, therefore, that among the frequent questions arising from consumers of utilities, an important place is occupied by the procedure for calculating payments for the supply of heat to our homes. We decided to raise this topic again in connection with the loss of force of the Rules for the provision of communal services to citizens, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation of May 23, 2006 No. 307, and the adoption of a new document dated June 29, 2016 No. 603 "On Amendments to Certain Acts of the Government of the Russian Federation on issues of providing public services ". Starting from July 1, 2016, the procedure for calculating heating bills was changed, so on the MG pages we will analyze where the specific figures in the “heating” column in 2017 will come from.
Today, payments for heat energy can be carried out in one of two ways:
- only during the heating season
- evenly throughout the calendar year
The specific method is chosen by the Moscow Government no more than once a year before October 1 of the current year and the decision is implemented only in the next year: from July 1, when switching to uniform payment throughout the year, or from the first day of the heating season when switching to payment, respectively, during the heating season.
For 2017, the city government has maintained a uniform method of paying for heating in Moscow, excluding the Troitsky and Novomoskovsky districts. However, the same settlement procedure applies to the Troitsky and Novomoskovsky administrative areas.
In 2017, residents of houses that have not yet been equipped with a general-purpose heat meter will pay 1.5 times more than residents of those houses where such a meter is installed.
Let's consider four typical cases, in accordance with which payments are charged for supplying heat to our houses.
Case 1. The house is not equipped with a general house metering device (OCP), while the technical possibility of its installation is absent. This mainly concerns the old housing stock. Here the calculation is carried out according to the following formula:
Case 2... The house is not equipped with a substation control room, but at the same time it is technically possible to install it (housing stock, where, for various reasons, the general house metering device for heat energy has not yet been installed). In this case, the calculation is carried out as follows:
As can be seen from the above formula, residents of houses that have not yet been equipped with a common house heat meter will pay 1.5 times more houses where such a meter is installed in 2017. In accordance with Federal Law No. 261-FZ "On energy supply and increasing energy efficiency", common meters must be installed in all apartment buildings by July 1, 2012, then this period was extended, however, to date, even in Moscow all houses are equipped with them. A special multiplying factor should stimulate homeowners to take measures to have such meters appear in their homes. However, for example, in the settlement of Sosenskoye, pilot houses are installed in the old housing stock as part of a long-term targeted program at the expense of the local budget.
Case 3. The house has a control room, but not all rooms are equipped with individual heat metering devices (IPU). This case covers the overwhelming number of houses built after the enactment of the law "On Energy Saving", when the installation of general house meters became the responsibility of developers. In this example, the calculation is carried out using the following formula:
Once a year, heating bills are adjusted based on actual consumption, according to the formula:
In this case, the management company during the year evenly charges payment according to the standard or the average actual consumption for the last year, and after a year, it recalculates based on the readings of the general house meter. At the same time, the recalculation can be both down and up, depending on how cold and long the heating season was, as well as on the economy of heat consumption by the owners, including in public places.
Case 4. The house is equipped with a control room and all premises of the house are also equipped with a control room. This case mainly applies to new buildings with a horizontal distribution of the heating system, which allows you to install a heat meter separately for each apartment. The calculation will be carried out according to the following formula:
Adjustment of heating bills based on actual consumption (once a year):
Separately, it should be noted that for the application of the calculation scheme No. 4, all residential and non-residential premises in an apartment building must be equipped with meters. At the same time, all meters must be in good working order, be calibrated on time (once every 4 years), and must also be put into operation with the involvement of the management company. This situation makes it virtually impossible to pay for individual heat meters, since one inoperative or unverified device is enough for the calculation to be made according to scheme No. 3.
The government decided to keep the uniform payment for heat consumption in apartment buildings for 2017.
So, we examined 4 typical cases of payment for heat energy, which the owners of apartment buildings face (apartment buildings stand apart, where the common property includes their own boiler house and where the owners pay not for thermal energy, but, as a rule, for gas, which used for heating water). As you can see, according to the amendments to the federal legislation, now the Moscow Government determines how Muscovites will pay for heating: evenly throughout the year or only during the heating season. So far, it has been decided to keep the payment evenly for 12 months. It can be assumed that this is due to the desire to evenly distribute the burden on family budgets (primarily low-income citizens). If, say, the annual payment for heating is 12,000 rubles and this amount is distributed evenly throughout the year, then the monthly budget load will be 1,000 rubles. If payment occurs only during the heating season, which in our region is 5-6 months, then heating costs during this period increase 2 times, although they disappear completely in the rest of the year.
Regulations:
1. In accordance with paragraph 42.1 of the Rules for the Provision of Utilities to Owners and Users of Premises in Apartment Buildings and Residential Buildings (approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05/06/2011 N 354 (as amended on 06/29/2016) "On the provision of utilities to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings ").
2. Clause 2 of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 29, 2016 N 603 "On amendments to some acts of the Government of the Russian Federation on the provision of public services."
3. Decree of the Moscow Government dated 09.29.2016 N 629-PP "On maintaining a uniform procedure for paying utility bills for heating on the territory of the city of Moscow and amending the Decree of the Moscow Government dated January 11, 1994 N 41".
4. Clause 3 of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 29, 2016 N 603 "On amendments to some acts of the Government of the Russian Federation on the provision of public services."
5. Clause 2 (1), Appendix 2 of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05/06/2011 N 354 (as amended on 06/29/2016) "On the provision of utilities to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings" (together with the "Rules for the provision of utilities services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings ").
6. Clause 2 (2), Appendix 2 of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05/06/2011 N 354 (as amended on 06/29/2016) "On the provision of utilities to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings" (together with the "Rules for the provision of utilities services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings ").
7. Clause 3 (2), Appendix 2 of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05/06/2011 N 354 (as amended on 06/29/2016) "On the provision of utilities to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings" (together with the "Rules for the provision of utilities services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings ").
8. Clause 3 (3), Appendix 2 of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05/06/2011 N 354 (as amended on 06/29/2016) "On the provision of utilities to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings" (together with the "Rules for the provision of utilities services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings ").
Determining the cost of heating and calculating the amount of payment for a room in which there are two or more apartments is a rather complicated process and requires special knowledge. There have also been changes in the settlement procedure, which began to operate in 2017.
The main document that guides the organizations that calculate and calculate the amount of payment for heating is the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05/06/2011 No. 354 "On the provision of utilities to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings." In accordance with this document, there are 2 ways of paying consumers for heating services:
- Equal amounts throughout the entire calendar year (Hereinafter - Method No. 1);
- Charge for the actual consumption of heat only in the heating season. And in summer and outside the heating season - the service is not charged (Further Method number 2).
The choice of the method of payment is carried out by the local Administration of the city or district.
If Method No. 2 is chosen in the municipality, consumers must be recalculated at the beginning of the next year after the year in which the option of charges was changed.
How is the amount of payment for heating calculated in the absence of a common building metering device for heat energy?
Installation of a heat meter on the input heat pipe in residential buildings is mandatory.
An exception can be made only for houses that are dilapidated / emergency stock, as well as houses whose heat supply load does not exceed 0.2 Gcal / h. This requirement is established by Federal Law 261-FZ dated 23.11.2009 “On energy saving and on increasing energy efficiency and on amending certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation”.
In multi-apartment residential buildings where the general house heat meter is not mounted (it is technically impossible to install it), as well as individual heat meters are not installed in apartments, rooms or non-residential premises, the calculation of the amount of payment for heating for a particular room with Method No. 1 (calculations for heat are carried out evenly in throughout the year) is carried out in the following order:
The size of the fee is determined based on heating standards per 1 m2 of area (the sizes of the standard indicators are adopted by the tariff committee or local administration for each region) divided by frequency(12 months) and multiplied by the tariff and the area of the premises.
With Method No. 2 (calculations for heat are carried out only during the heating season) frequency is not taken into account.
In multi-apartment residential buildings, where it is technically determined that there is a place and a room for the installation and normal functioning of a general-purpose heat meter, and for which such an installation is mandatory, an increasing coefficient is additionally applied to the above calculations, increasing the standard calculation in 2016 by 1.4 , and since the beginning of 2017 by 1.5.
In other words, the legislation motivates the owners of premises in an apartment building to install communal heat metering devices and make calculations using them.
Otherwise, sanctions will be applied in the form of increasing coefficients to the standards.
How is the amount of payment for heating calculated if there are common house heat meters in the house?
As a rule, general house heat meters are installed and maintained by management companies, an apartment building association, or any specialized organization at the discretion of the owners of apartments or other premises of the house.
The organization hired to perform maintenance work on the meter is obliged to take readings of the heat meter on a monthly basis. Then they are transferred to the heat supply organization.
At Method number 2(calculations for heat are carried out only during the heating season) calculation of the amount of payment for heating the premises is done as follows:
for method number 2: the ratio of the share of the area of this room from the cumulative quadrature of the entire house (the ratio of S premises to the total S of all occupied premises) multiplies on the heat consumption for a month and on tariff for heat energy.
With Method # 1, the amount charged for heat supply during the calendar year is the same.
for method no. 1: the sum of the amount of payment for heating is determined in the following way: the area of the room is multiplied by the average consumption of heat energy per unit of area (1 m2) and by the corresponding amount of the tariff.
Average consumption per 1 m2 is calculated based on the total annual consumption for the general house meter for the past year, divided by the total area of all rooms in the house.
In the absence of actual data for the last year, the approved standard for thermal energy is used.
At the same time, annually in the first quarter of the year following the reporting one, an adjustment is made: the difference between the amount calculated for the year (according to the data of the last year) and the actually consumed heat energy is additionally charged or compensated.
How is the heating fee charged if common house and individual heat meters are installed?
Individual heat metering devices (IPU) in our country are rarely installed in apartments and non-residential premises.
The reason is the peculiarity of in-house heating systems with vertical risers, from which heating devices are connected, mainly designed in residential buildings until recently. We wrote about when it is possible to install an individual heat meter in an apartment.
Usually, the installation of individual heat meters is carried out at the entrance to the room of the heating pipeline, in this case the heating devices are connected in series to the horizontal wiring. And the return line runs parallel to the supply line and returns to the point of entry, creating a "loop".
If there are individual metering devices in all occupied rooms of the MKD (apartment building) Method number 2 (calculations for heat are carried out only during the heating season), the charge for heating for a room is determined:
For method No. 2 in the presence of individual metering devices in all rooms: as the difference between the readings for the IPU (individual metering device for heat in the room) and the share of ODN attributable to the room (general building needs for heating) multiplied by the tariff.
The share of ONE is determined based on the difference between the readings of the general house metering device (heat consumption consumed by the building) and the sum of the readings of all IPU multiplied by the ratio of the area of the room divided by the total area of all rooms in the house.
With Method No. 1, calculations are carried out similarly to the method with Method No. 1 in the presence of a general house metering device and the absence of an IPU, only the total consumption for the heat meter in the room and ODN for the entire heating period divided by 12 months is taken as the monthly consumption.
If your apartment has cold batteries, then we wrote what to do in this case and where to complain.
Still have questions? Want to get answers to them?
Here you can ask it for free to experts or lawyers of the gkh-konsultant.ru portal.
According to the 354th Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation, the owners of apartment buildings received a number of advantages regarding the payment for the consumption of housing services. For example, citizens have the right to submit an application containing a requirement to recalculate for heating. Knowledge of their rights and fulfillment of obligations will help the consumer to avoid conflicts with the service provider, and to conduct independent control of consumption and payment.
For a long time, the check and recalculation of payment for the consumption of public goods was carried out only in cases that oblige consumers to pay extra for the services provided. The constitutional rights of citizens of the Russian Federation were grossly violated. In fact, the contractor can recalculate for heating every year at a convenient time for him. For recalculation, the established formulas and rules are used.
Payment adjustment
The annual adjustment of the payment for the services supplied must be made by the supplier. If such has not been carried out, the tenant has the right to demand a recalculation.
The cost of heating services is one of the largest expenditure items for the consumption of housing and communal services. A clear desire of every consumer is to save money.
The owners of apartments in multi-apartment buildings pay for the supply of heat on a per m2 basis during the period September - May. The amount is formed by the product of the established regional tariff for the total area of the apartment.
If heat consumption meters are not installed in the room, the payment is calculated by the service provider. The calculation procedure is established by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation.
For consumers, it is more profitable and transparent to account for services on a general house meter. It is the readings of the meter that allow you to control the consumption and understand why the monthly payment amount fluctuates.
The difference between the amount received from the consumer and the amount paid to the resource supplying organization, revealed during the recalculation, is returned to the homeowner. Recalculation of payment for heat supply is carried out, regardless of the availability of metering devices in the room.
When making a request for recalculation, it is worth remembering that this process covers the entire period of the heating season. Some companies are tricky, recalculating only for the month of May, when the heat supply was stopped.
Allocation in favor of the supplier
Failure to fulfill the agreed obligations by the consumer gives the supplier the right to make an independent recalculation towards an increase in the amount of payment. It is the fact of violation of heat consumption (ignoring the verification time, damage to the meter seals, unauthorized violation of the integrity of the pipeline) that determines the recalculation formula.
Damage to the seal on the meter leads to a recalculation of payment according to consumption standards, taking into account the number of people living in the designated living space. An unauthorized tie-in or other independent intervention that violates the integrity of the metering operation is also carried out on the basis of general standards. In addition, such actions on the part of the consumer can have more serious consequences. For example, the application of administrative sanctions.
Recalculation in favor of the consumer in 2018-2019
Based on the provisions of the new resolution, a number of violations on the part of the supplier can be noted, which are the basis for recalculating the payment for the supply of heat:
- during the period of heat consumption, the room temperature should not be lower than 18 ° С (corner room 20 ° С);
- in regions with an average daily temperature below -31 ° С, generally accepted indicators increase by 2 ° С;
- the time of emergency termination of heat supply should not be more than 16 hours at a time and 24 hours in total per month (if during the shutdown the temperature of the room was above 12 ° C, no recalculation is made);
- the established norms of the temperature regime allow deviations of ± 4 ° (a decrease in temperature is permissible only at night by no more than 3 °).
Deviation from the above standards serves as the basis for recalculating heat consumption.
That is, the basis for recalculation is:
- provision of low-quality services;
- cessation of heat supply.
The basis for recalculation may be the long absence of consumers in the apartment.
What is required
Before applying for a recalculation to the management company, you need to prepare the following information:
- receipts for payment of heat consumption for the recalculation period (if the receipt was lost, it can be replaced by an extract from the relevant organization);
- request a heat metering card from the management company;
- information on the area of the premises and the total footage of all residential and non-residential rooms of an apartment building.
To record the provision of low-quality services, the management company checks the premises. If the company representatives ignored the request for an examination, the verification is carried out independently. All the necessary measurements confirming violations are made in the presence of two witnesses and the data are recorded in the act:
- date, time, room temperature indicators;
- period of absence or disruption of heat supply.
The recorded time indicators in the act are the beginning of the report of the violation period. After the drawn up document is transferred to the management company.
Proof of a long absence of a tenant in the room can be:
- transport tickets and bills;
- travel sheets;
- hospital discharge;
- a document on temporary registration in another place;
- a copy of the passport with entry and exit marks;
- extract of the garden and dacha partnership.
Procedure and terms
The consumer submits an application demanding the recalculation of heat supply services for the time of his absence to the appropriate organization no later than the end of a month from the moment of arrival. The calculation takes place according to a strictly established procedure. The management company considers the acts when applying for a recalculation, which will be held for 6 months.